Types of research

1. Basic

Basic research lacks an easy definition and as a term needs to be defined and categorised. It is not synonymous with laboratory-based research.

arc aims to fund research into understanding the mechanisms by which diseases of its interest produce their effects
Such research comprises an understanding of the normal functions of the molecules, cells and tissues that make up the musculoskeletal system as well as in other systems, but also a understanding of the processes and abnormalities that both precede and are present in disease states in tissues derived from affected individuals, from animals and from patients

In funding such research in all these areas arc would expect that such research also has the potential to lead to an understanding of how specific and named disorders of its interest arise but also offers potential for clinical benefit.

arc expects that applicants for such funding would clearly outline these potentials that would be comprehensible to the lay public
arc prioritises research that is focussed on disease processes rather than studying the normal state especially where research on the latter may be more appropriate for a national Research Council

2. Translational

arc is particularly keen to fund research that offers the possibility of basic science results being translated into real patient benefit
Such research may be conducted in animals, on human tissues, human volunteers or patients
This research could be aimed at improved diagnostic screening, disease prevention, guiding prognosis, improving therapies as well as the development of novel applications for treatment

3. Clinical and epidemiological

arc has a key strategic target: the development of better patient care for patients with musculoskeletal disorders. It will support research directed to other approaches including rehabilitation, psychology, educational and surgical approaches

It supports research aimed at defining and quantifying the consequences of musculoskeletal disorders, together with partners in the NHS and, where relevant and appropriate, the pharmaceutical industry
It supports research that covers an understanding of risk factors that lead to diseases through epidemiological approaches
It has a strong commitment to undertaking research that leads to improvements in treatment
Treatments of interest include, not only pharmacological but also those directed towards areas of rehabilitation and surgery

Implementation

The achievement of arc’s ultimate goal requires the translation of the research findings into changes in health care delivery
arc accepts that much of the research it funds suggesting new paths of therapy is not maximally exploited for patient benefit
arc supports research into how research findings can be implemented in practice

Policy for distribution of research funds

There needs to be a balanced portfolio of activities in each of the scientific approaches listed above.